The independent resource on global security
Dr Mark Bromley
Programme Director
Dr Mark Bromley
Dr Mark Bromley is the Director of the SIPRI Dual-Use and Arms Trade Control Programme. His research focuses on national, regional and international efforts to regulate the trade in conventional arms and dual-use items.
Subject expertise
Transparency of international arms transfers; financial value of the arms trade; arms export policies of EU member states; EU engagement in arms export policies; combatting the illicit trade in SALW; Arms Trade Treaty; controls on the trade in cyber-surveillance systems.
Regional expertise
Western Europe
CONTACT Dr Mark Bromley
Languages
English, Swedish
Education
BA in Social and Political Sciences; St John’s College, Cambridge;
MA in War Studies, King’s College London;
PHD in International Relations, Stockholm University
SIPRI COMMENTARY
- Making the most of the EU catch-all control on cyber-surveillance exports (Topical backgrounder, )
- A new political forum could help make the EU’s strategic trade controls more strategic—if it is allowed to (Essay, )
- Export controls and cyber-surveillance tools: Five suggestions for the Summit for Democracy (Blog, )
- SALW-related assistance to states in sub-Saharan Africa: Hitting the target or missing the mark? (Topical backgrounder, )
- Using official development assistance to strengthen small arms and light weapons controls: Opportunities and risks (Blog, )
SIPRI AND PARTNER PUBLICATIONS
- Good Practice Guide on Post-shipment On-site Inspections of Military Materiel (SIPRI, Stockholm: August 2022)
- The Missile Technology Control Regime at a Crossroads: Adapting the Regime for Current and Future Challenges (SIPRI, Stockholm: December 2022)
- Adapting the Missile Technology Control Regime for Current and Future Challenges (SIPRI, Stockholm: December 2022)
- Post-shipment On-site Inspections: Multilateral Steps for Debating and Enabling Their Adoption and Use (SIPRI, Stockholm: October 2022)
- Post-shipment On-site Inspections of Military Materiel: Challenges and Responses (SIPRI, Stockholm: December 2021)
- Implementing the 2021 Recast of the EU Dual-use Regulation: Challenges and Opportunities (EUNPDC, Stockholm: September 2021)
- Reporting on Conventional Arms Transfers and Transfer Controls: Improving Coordination and Increasing Engagement (SIPRI, Stockholm: August 2020)
- Detecting, Investigating and Prosecuting Export Control Violations: European Perspectives on Key Challenges and Good Practices (SIPRI, Stockholm: December 2019)
- Measuring Illicit Arms and Financial Flows: Improving the Assessment of Sustainable Development Goal 16 (SIPRI, Stockholm: July 2019)
- The Challenge of Software and Technology Transfers to Non-proliferation Efforts: Implementing and Complying with Export Controls (SIPRI, Stockholm: April 2018)
- Arms Transfer and SALW Controls in the Middle East and North Africa: Mapping Capacity-building Efforts (November 2018)
- Export Controls, Human Security and Cyber-surveillance Technology: Examining the Proposed Changes to the EU Dual-use Regulation (December 2017)
- ATT-related Activities in Latin America and the Caribbean: Identifying Gaps and Improving Coordination (February 2017)
- Challenges and good practices in the implementation of the EU’s arms and dual-use export controls: A cross-sector analysis (July 2017)
- Internal compliance and export control guidance documents for actors from academia and research (July 2017)
- Internal compliance and export control guidance documents for the information and communications technology sector (July 2017)
- Internal compliance and export control guidance documents for the nuclear sector (July 2017)
- Internal compliance and export control guidance documents for transport or distribution service providers (July 2017)
- Internal compliance and export control guidance documents for the defence and aerospace sector (July 2017)
- ATT-related Outreach Assistance in Sub-Saharan Africa: Identifying Gaps and Improving Coordination (February 2016)
- The Dual-use Export Control Policy Review: Balancing Security, Trade and Academic Freedom in a Changing World (SIPRI, Stockholm: March 2016)
- Western Arms Exports to China (January 2015) 68 pp.
- Canada's Controls on Arms Exports to China (January 2015) 4 pp.
- Norway's Controls on Arms Exports to China (January 2015) 4 pp.
- Implementing the Arms Trade Treaty: Building on Available Guidelines and Assistance Activities (May 2015) 24 pp.
- Arms Trade Treaty Assistance: Identifying a Role for the European Union (SIPRI, Stockholm: February 2014)
- The Arms Trade Treaty: Challenges for the First Conference of States Parties (September 2014) 12 pp.
- Transfers of Small Arms and Light Weapons to Fragile States: Strengthening Oversight and Control (January 2013) 20 pp.
- Trends in International Arms Transfers, 2012 (March 2013) 8 pp.
- Current trends in the international arms trade and implications for Sweden (October 2013) 32pp
- China's Exports of Small Arms and Light Weapons (October 2013) 56 pp. ; 50 pp.
- Measuring International Arms Transfers (December 2012) 8 pp.
- Transparency in Military Spending and Arms Acquisitions in Latin America and the Caribbean (January 2012) 49 pp.
- The Review of the EU Common Position on Arms Exports: Prospects for Strengthened Controls (SIPRI, Stockholm: January 2012)
- Implementing an Arms Trade Treaty: Mapping Assistance to Strengthen Arms Transfer Controls (July 2012) 20 pp.
- Trends in International Arms Transfers, 2011 (March 2012) 8 pp.
- Implementing an Arms Trade Treaty: Lessons on Reporting and Monitoring from Existing Mechanisms (July 2011)
- Transit and Trans-shipment Controls in an Arms Trade Treaty (July 2011) 12 pp.
- Import Controls and an Arms Trade Treaty (July 2011) 12 pp.
- Trends in International Arms Transfers, 2010 (March 2011) 8 pp.
- National Reports on Arms Exports (March 2011) 8 pp.
- Internal Compliance Programmes (October 2011) 56pp.
- The EU common position on arms exports and national export control policies (September 2011) 88pp.
- The Development of National and Regional Reports on Arms Exports in the EU and South Eastern Europe (September 2011) 50pp.
- End-user Certificates: Improving Standards to Prevent Diversion (March 2010) 16 pp.
- Trends in International Arms Transfers, 2009 (March 2010) 8 pp.
- Arms Transfers to the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Assessing the System of Arms Transfer Notifications, 2008–10 (October 2010) 12 pp.
- The Limitations of European Union Reports on Arms Exports: The Case of Central Asia (September 2010) 20 pp.
- SIPRI Arms Transfers Data, 2008 (April 2009) 8 pp.
- Recent Trends in the Arms Trade (April 2009) 24 pp.
External publications
- Bromley, M. The EU Dual-use Regulation, cyber-surveillance and human rights: the competing norms and organised hypocrisy of EU export controls Defence Studies, Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 644–664, December 3, 2023
- Bromley, M., Mustafić, S., Yuan, J., ‘China takes aim at the export control regimes: Targeted critique or misguided attack?, WorldECR, Dec 2023 / Jan 2025, Issue #123
- Bromley, M., Understanding European Arms Export Controls: Material Interests and Competing Norms, PHD Thesis, June 2022.
- Bromley, M.,‘A search for common ground: export controls on surveillance technology and the role of the EU’ About:intel, 12 Feb. 2020.
- Bromley, M., ‘Sweden’s arms export controls: Balancing support and restraint’ in Laurence Lustgarten, Law and the Arms Trade: Weapons, Blood and Rules (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2020).
- Bauer, S., Bromley, M., and Maletta, G.,‘The further development of the Common Position 944/2008/CFSP on arms exports control’, European Parliament Policy Department for External Relations, July 2018.
- Bromley, M., ‘EU Arms Transfers and Export Control Policies’, in Hugo Meijer and Marco Wyss (eds.) ‘The Handbook of European Armed Forces’, (OUP, 2018).
- Bauer, S., Bromley, M., and Maletta, G., ‘The implementation of the EU arms export control system’ EU Directorate-General for External Policies Department, 30 May 2017.
- Bromley, M. and Duchatel, M., ‘Influence by default: Europe’s impact on military security in East Asia’, European Council on Foreign Relations, 16 May 2017.
- Bromley, M., Jan Steenhoek, K. Halink, S. and Wijkstra, E., 'ICT Surveillance Systems: Trade Policy and the Application of Human Security Concerns', Strategic Trade Review, Spring 2016.
- Bromley, M., 'End-Use Controls: Recent Technology Developments and Emerging Trends', Security and Peace, 33 (2), July 2015.
- Bromley, M., and Dermody, L., 'Adressing the Unauthorized Re-export or Re-Transfer of Arms and Ammunition', SEESAC, June 2014.
- Bromley, M., Chapter 7, 'The European Union', in Olawale Ismail and Elisabeth Sköns (eds.) Security Activities of External Actors in Africa (Oxford University Press, 2014).
- Bromley, M., Cooper, N. and Holtom, P., 'The UN Arms Trade Treaty: arms export controls, the human security agenda and the lessons of history', International Affairs, vol. 88, no. 5, 2012, pp. 1029-1048.
- Bromley, M., 'Prosecuting Illicit Arms Brokers: Improving the European Record', International Relations and Security Network - ETH Zurich, 4 Sep. 2012.
- Bromley, M., 'Vad är syftet med nya kriterier? [What is the purpose of the new criteria?]', Svenska Dagbladet, 13 Mar. 2012.
- Bromley, M., 'Arms Brokering Controls and a Future ATT', UNIDIR Resources, April 2011.
- Bromley, M. and Guevara, I. 'Arms modernization in Latin America', in: Tan, A. T. H. (ed.) 'The Global Arms Trade: A Handbook', (Routledge, UK; London, 2010), pp. 166-177.
- Holtom, P. and Bromley, M., 'The International Arms Trade: Difficult to Define, Measure, and Control', Arms Control Today, July/August 2010.
- Bromley, M. and Brzoska, M. ‘Towards a common, restrictive EU arms export policy? The impact of the EU Code of Conduct on major conventional arms exports’, European Foreign Affairs Review, vol. 13, no. 3 (Sep. 2008).
- Bromley, M., ‘10 years down the track: the EU Code of Conduct on arms exports’, European Security Review, no, 39 (July 2008).