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Developments in 2002

The mandatory UN embargo against UNITA in Angola was lifted with the adoption of UN Security Council Resolution 1448 from 9 December 2002 after the Angolan Government and UNITA had made significant progress towards implementing a peace accord.

The mandatory UN embargo against Taliban-held territory of Afghanistan became quite meaningless at the end of 2001 and early 2002 since there was little or no Taliban-held Afghan territory left, but was changed on 16 January 2002 in UN Security Council Resolution 1390 to an embargo on Usama bin Laden, members of Al-Qaida and the Taliban and on persons and organizations associated with them without specifying any geographical area. This broadened the geographical scope of the embargo from a part of Afghanistan to a global coverage. As such it became the first UN embargo directed not against a state or against rebels fighting against one specific state, but rather targeting a rather loose group on a global level.

The voluntary UN embargo on all parties in Afghanistan since 1996 was quickly forgotten when the US and its allies started to use the Northern Alliance in Afghanistan as partners in the fight against the Taliban, and lost all meaning after the Taliban were ousted from power by a new Afghan government, mainly composed of the Northern Alliance and equipped by a host of countries as part of a UN-controlled peace and rebuilding effort.

The only really new embargo in 2002 was the EU embargo against Zimbabwe, which resulted from EU criticism on the way Zimbabwe's government under President Robert Mugabe harassed opposition and international observers during the election campaign in early 2002.

The EU embargo against Afghan territory held by the Taliban (which in 2001 replaced the 1996 EU embargo against Afghanistan) was replaced by a new EU embargo against against Usama bin Laden, members of Al-Qaida and the Taliban and on persons and organizations associated with them, in line with the UN mandatory embargo from 16 Jan. 2002. The new embargo does not specify any geographical area and thus broadened the geographical scope of the embargo from a part of Afghanistan to a global coverage.