Towards a More Strategic Civilian CSDP: Strengthening EU Civilian Crisis Management in a New Era of Geopolitics and Risk

In the wake of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, European Union (EU) member states have taken decisions that have shifted the focus of civilian Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) more firmly to its Eastern Neighbourhood. This shift has raised the geopolitical profile and relevance of civilian CSDP, but it has also increased the stakes. Although civilian CSDP has become more geopolitical, it has not necessarily become more strategic, as decision making and action remain ad hoc and reactive. This raises questions about the EU’s capacity to use civilian CSDP more strategically and beyond current levels.

This paper identifies three strategic priorities for civilian CSDP missions: equipping missions to deliver on mandates; where possible, supporting EU candidate countries in the accession process; and enhancing the ability of missions to react and adapt to evolving needs or emerging crises.

The EU and its member states have taken steps to enhance their ability to act and strengthen civilian CSDP under the Civilian CSDP Compact. However, these efforts have mainly focused on building capabilities, which are essential but not enough on their own. A more strategic civilian CSDP requires stronger political control and strategic direction from EU member states and that all key enablers—capabilities, decision making and budget—are addressed to increase its preparedness and strategic potential.