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Restructuring of Arms Production in Western Europe
Profound changes are occurring in the structure of arms production in Western Europe. Concentration is increasing at a fast pace. Small producers are disappearing and even large ones are opting out of the market. The various national arms industries, long operating in protective environments, are rapidly internationalizing. Three factors combine to bring about this change: East-West détente, the creation of the Single European Market, and the constant pressure of increasingly complex technology.
In this book experts describe how the framework for producing arms in Western Europe is altered, and how various actors—firms, governments, and trade unions—are adapting to the new situation. The book presents detailed analyses of all the arms-producing countries in Western Europe. In addition to describing recent changes, the authors speculate on the implications of these for the balance of power in Western Europe, the relations between Western Europe and the United States, arms exports to the Third World, and problems of converting from military to civilian production. The appendices include the SIPRI list of the 50 largest arms-producing companies in Western Europe; data on mergers and acquisitions, procurement expenditure, and exports of major weapons; selections from treaties and other official documents relevant to current and future regulation of West European arms production; and a select bibliography.
Contents
Part I. Introduction
1. Restructuring of arms production in Western Europe: Introduction
Michael Brzoska and Peter Lock
Part II. The changing environment
2. The economics of the West European arms industry
Ian Anthony and Herbert Wulf
3. Institutional frameworks for integration of arms production in Western Europe
Harald Bauer
4. Political change and world arms export markets: Impact on the structure of West European arms industries
Frederic S. Pearson
5. Responses of the US arms industry
Judith Reppy
6. Science, technology and the peace dividend
Philip Gummett and William Walker
Part III. Country analyses
7. The British restructuring experience
Trevor Taylor
8. Reorientation of French companies
Claude Serfati
9. Consequences of the French arms exports crisis
Jacques Fontanel and Louis Pilandon
10. Daimler Benz: The final stage of concentration in German arms production?
Michael Brzoska and Peter Lock
11. Crisis and adaptation in northern Germany
Werner Voß
12. The slow restructuring of the Italian arms industry
Giulio Perani and Mario Pianta
13. Arms production and modernization in Spain
Jordi Molas-Gallart
14. The developing arms industries in Greece, Portugal and Turkey
Anthony Bartzokas
15. Sweden's search for military technology
Björn Hagelin
Part IV. Summary
16. Summary
Michael Brzoska and Peter Lock
Appendix A. The 50 largest arms-producing companies in Western Europe, 1989
Ian Anthony, Agnès Courades Allebeck, Gerd Hagemeyer-Gaverus, Paolo Miggiano and Herbert Wulf
Appendix B. International mergers, formation of new companies and take-overs in the arms production sector of Western Europe, 1989–90
Ian Anthony and Herbert Wulf
Appendix C. European NATO major weapon procurement expenditure, 1981–90
Appendix D. Exports of major weapons from Western Europe, 1981–90
Appendix E. Selections from treaties on the European Community
Appendix F. Selected documents of the Independent European Programme Group
Appendix G. Select bibliography
ABOUT THE AUTHOR(S)/EDITORS
Dr Michael Brzoska is an Associate Senior Researcher at SIPRI.
