This book considers the experiences of the countries which since the end of the cold war have participated in peacekeeping for the first time, either in United Nations operations or in other international missions. They have confronted great challenges not only because of unfamiliarity with the traditional peacekeeping ethos and techniques, but also because peacekeeping itself has been undergoing great changes both of scale and of kind. The book identifies the new peacekeepers and the new peacekeeping and discusses the issues that have been faced by the newcomers. Individual chapters are devoted to Germany, Japan, Russia, the USA, NATO and the OSCE.